Hurston v. The State., 194 Ga. App. 226, 390 S.E.2d 119 (1990)

Georgia Court Of Appeals

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Judgment affirmed. Carley, C. J., and McMurray, P. J., concur.

Summary


Judgment affirmed. Carley, C. J., and McMurray, P. J., concur.

Text


James W. Studdard, for appellant.

Hurston appeals his conviction and sentence as a recidivist, OCGA 17-10-7 (b), for robbery by intimidation, OCGA 16-8-41 (a), after a joint trial in which his brother was also a defendant.

The evidence construed so as to uphold the verdict, Thomas v. State, 24-3-1, because anything seen or heard by a witness in the presence of a defendant is admissible and does not constitute inadmissible hearsay in this state. Moore v. State, 240 Ga. 210, 212 (2) (240 SE2d 68) (1977). For a discussion of hearsay's definition, see McCormick on Evidence, 246, p. 729 (1984 ed.).

Another reason is that testimony is considered hearsay only if the witness is testifying to another party's statement in order to prove or demonstrate the truth of that statement. See Fugitt v. State, 256 Ga. 292, 295 (1) (c) (348 SE2d 451) (1986). See also Salem v. State, 228 Ga. 186, 188 (3) (184 SE2d 650) (1971). Otherwise it is a verbal act and thus original evidence rather than hearsay. 29 AmJur2d 555, 497.

However, "[n]o matter how competent evidence might be, a new trial will not be granted merely because evidence has been excluded. It must appear that the excluded testimony was material and the substance of what the material evidence is must be called to the attention of the trial court at the time of the exclusion. It is not sufficient in an appellate brief to call attention to error. The error, if any, must have been committed at trial and the ruling must have been made, not on a question only, but in light of the facts about which the witness would have testified. [Cits.]" Cooper v. State, 178 Ga. App. 709, 711 (2) (345 SE2d 606) (1986).

Assuming Hurston's failure to make a proffer of evidence does not preclude review of the matter, Hurston failed to demonstrate how he was harmed by the exclusion, especially in light of the fact that his brother later testified about the conversation in the car. See Evans v. State, 161 Ga. App. 504, 505 (5) (288 SE2d 629) (1982). Without harm, there is no reversible error. See Bowen v. State, 170 Ga. App. 49, 50 (1) (316 SE2d 33) (1984).

Robert E. Keller, District Attorney, Tracy G. Gladden, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.

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